printf.9freebsd

Langue: en

Version: 308050 (debian - 07/07/09)

Section: 9 (Appels noyau Linux)


BSD mandoc

NAME

printf , uprintf , tprintf, log - formatted output conversion

SYNOPSIS

In sys/types.h In sys/systm.h Ft int Fn printf const char *fmt ... Ft void Fn tprintf struct proc *p int pri const char *fmt ... Ft int Fn uprintf const char *fmt ... In sys/syslog.h Ft void Fn log int pri const char *fmt ...

DESCRIPTION

The printf(9) family of functions are similar to the printf(3) family of functions. The different functions each use a different output stream. The Fn uprintf function outputs to the current process' controlling tty, while Fn printf writes to the console as well as to the logging facility. The Fn tprintf function outputs to the tty associated with the process Fa p and the logging facility if Fa pri is not -1. The Fn log function sends the message to the kernel logging facility, using the log level as indicated by Fa pri .

Each of these related functions use the Fa fmt parameter in the same manner as printf(3). However, printf(9) adds two other conversion specifiers.

The %b identifier expects two arguments: an Vt int and a Vt char * . These are used as a register value and a print mask for decoding bitmasks. The print mask is made up of two parts: the base and the arguments. The base value is the output base expressed as an integer value; for example, \10 gives octal and \20 gives hexadecimal. The arguments are made up of a sequence of bit identifiers. Each bit identifier begins with an integer value which is the number of the bit (starting from 1) this identifier describes. The rest of the identifier is a string of characters containing the name of the bit. The string is terminated by either the bit number at the start of the next bit identifier or NUL for the last bit identifier.

The %D identifier is meant to assist in hexdumps. It requires two arguments: a Vt u_char * pointer and a Vt char * string. The memory pointed to be the pointer is output in hexadecimal one byte at a time. The string is used as a delimiter between individual bytes. If present, a width directive will specify the number of bytes to display. By default, 16 bytes of data are output.

The Fn log function uses syslog(3) level values LOG_DEBUG through LOG_EMERG for its Fa pri parameter (mistakenly called `priority' here). Alternatively, if a Fa pri of -1 is given, the message will be appended to the last log message started by a previous call to Fn log . As these messages are generated by the kernel itself, the facility will always be LOG_KERN

RETURN VALUES

The Fn printf and the Fn uprintf functions return the number of characters displayed.

EXAMPLES

This example demonstrates the use of the %b and %D conversion specifiers. The function
 void
 printf_test(void)
 {
 
         printf("reg=%b\n", 3, "\10\2BITTWO\1BITONE\n");
         printf("out: %4D\n", "AAAA", ":");
 }
 

will produce the following output:

 reg=3<BITTWO,BITONE>
 out: 41:41:41:41
 

The call

 log(LOG_DEBUG, "%s%d: been there.\n", sc->sc_name, sc->sc_unit);
 

will add the appropriate debug message at priority ``kern.debug '' to the system log.

SEE ALSO

printf(3), syslog(3)