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dcraw

NAME

dcraw - command-line decoder for raw digital photos

SYNOPSIS

dcraw [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION

dcraw decodes raw photos, displays metadata, and extracts thumbnails.

OPTIONS

-v

Print verbose messages, not just warnings and errors.

-c

Write decoded images or thumbnails to standard output.

-e

Extract the camera-generated thumbnail, not the raw image. You'll get either a JPEG or a PPM file, depending on the camera.

-z

Change the access and modification times of an AVI, JPEG or raw file to when the photo was taken, assuming that the camera clock was set to Universal Time.

-i

Identify files but don't decode them. Exit status is 0 if dcraw can decode the last file, 1 if it can't. -i -v shows metadata.

dcraw cannot decode JPEG files!!

-d

Show the raw data as a grayscale image with no interpolation. Good for photographing black-and-white documents.

-D

Same as -d, but totally raw (no color scaling).

-h

Output a half-size color image. Twice as fast as -q 0.

-q 0

Use high-speed, low-quality bilinear interpolation.

-q 2

Use Variable Number of Gradients (VNG) interpolation.

-q 3

Use Adaptive Homogeneity-Directed (AHD) interpolation.

-f

Interpolate RGB as four colors. Use this if the output shows false 2x2 meshes with VNG or mazes with AHD.

-B sigma_domain sigma_range

Use a bilateral filter to smooth noise while preserving edges. sigma_domain is in units of pixels, while sigma_range is in units of CIELab colorspace. Try -B 2 4 to start.

-b brightness

By default, dcraw writes 8-bit PGM/PPM/PAM with a BT.709 gamma curve and a 99th-percentile white point. If the result is too light or too dark, -b lets you adjust it. Default is 1.0.

-4

Write 16-bit linear pseudo-PGM/PPM/PAM with no gamma curve, no white point, and no -b option.

-T

Write TIFF output (with metadata) instead of PGM/PPM/PAM.

-k black

Set the black point. Default depends on the camera.

-K darkframe.pgm

Subtract a dark frame from the raw data. To generate a dark frame, shoot a raw photo with no light and do dcraw -D -4 -j -t 0.

-a

Automatic color balance. The default is to use a fixed color balance based on a white card photographed in sunlight.

-w

Use the color balance specified by the camera. If this can't be found, print a warning and revert to the default.

-r mul0 mul1 mul2 mul3

Specify your own raw color balance. These multipliers can be cut and pasted from the output of dcraw -v.

-H 0

Clip all highlights to solid white (default).

-H 1

Leave highlights unclipped in various shades of pink.

-H 2-9

Reconstruct highlights. Low numbers favor whites; high numbers favor colors. Try -H 5 as a compromise. If that's not good enough, do -H 9, cut out the non-white highlights, and paste them into an image generated with -H 3.

-m

Same as -o 0.

-o [0-5]

Select the output colorspace when the -p option is not used:

0   Raw color (unique to each camera)
1   sRGB D65 (default)
2   Adobe RGB (1998) D65
3   Wide Gamut RGB D65
4   Kodak ProPhoto RGB D65
5   XYZ

-p camera.icm [ -o output.icm ]

Use ICC profiles to define the camera's raw colorspace and the desired output colorspace (sRGB by default).

-p embed

Use the ICC profile embedded in the raw photo.

-t [0-7,90,180,270]

Flip the output image. By default, dcraw applies the flip specified by the camera. -t 0 disables all flipping.

-s [0-99]

Select which raw image to decode if the file contains more than one. For example, Fuji Super CCD SR cameras generate a second image underexposed four stops to show detail in the highlights.

-j

For Fuji Super CCD cameras, show the image tilted 45 degrees. For cameras with non-square pixels, do not stretch the image to its correct aspect ratio. In any case, this option guarantees that each output pixel corresponds to one raw pixel.

If they don't apply to your camera, -s and -j are silently ignored.

FILES

:./.badpixels, ../.badpixels, ../../.badpixels, ...

List of your camera's dead pixels, so that dcraw can interpolate around them. Each line specifies the column, row, and UNIX time of death for one pixel. For example:

 962   91 1028350000  # died between August 1 and 4, 2002
1285 1067 0           # don't know when this pixel died

These coordinates are before any cropping or rotation, so use dcraw -j -t 0 to locate dead pixels.

SEE ALSO

pgm(5), ppm(5), pam(5), pnmgamma(1), pnmtotiff(1), pnmtopng(1), gphoto2(1), cjpeg(1), djpeg(1)

AUTHOR

Written by David Coffin, dcoffin a cybercom o net