Linux Certif

Toute la documentation sur la certification Linux LPI

fcntl

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fcntl - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤ÎÁàºî¤ò¹Ô¤¦

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#include <unistd.h>

#include <fcntl.h>



int fcntl(int fd, int cmd);

int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, long arg);

int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, struct flock *lock);

ÀâÌÀ

fcntl() ¤Ï¡¢¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿ fd ¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ²¼µ­¤ÎÁàºî¤ò¹Ô¤¦¡£Áàºî¤Ï cmd ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ·è¤Þ¤ë:

¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤ÎÊ£À½

F_DUPFD

ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢ arg °Ê¾å¤ÇºÇ¾®¤Î¤â¤Î¤òõ¤·¡¢ fd ¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¤È¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ÏÊ̤ηÁ¤Î dup2(2) ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ dup2(2) ¤Ç¤Ï»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ëÅÀ¤¬°ã¤¦¡£

À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¿·¤·¤¤¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

¾ÜºÙ¤Ï dup(2) ¤ò»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È¡£

¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¡¦¥Õ¥é¥°

°Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥é¥° ¤òÁàºî¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£ ¸½ºß¤Î¤È¤³¤í¡¢ÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï°ì¤Ä¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë: FD_CLOEXEC, close-on-exec ¥Õ¥é¥°¡£ FD_CLOEXEC ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ 0 ¤Ê¤é¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤Ï execve(2) ¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤â¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤µ¤ì¤¿¤Þ¤Þ¤À¤¬¡¢¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥¯¥í¡¼¥º¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

F_GETFD

¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¡¦¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÆɤ߽Ф¹¡£

F_SETFD

¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¡¦¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ë arg ¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿ÃͤòÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£

¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¾õÂ֥ե饰

¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëµ­½Ò (open file description) ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëµ­½ÒËè¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¾õÂ֥ե饰¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï open(2) ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½é´ü²½¤µ¤ì¡¢ fcntl(2) ¤Ë¤è¤êÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¡¢ (dup(2), fcntl(F_DUPFD), fork(2) ¤Ê¤É¤Ç) Ê£À½¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿Æ±»Î¤Ï Ʊ¤¸¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëµ­½Ò¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¡£ ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢ Ʊ¤¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¾õÂ֥ե饰¤¬¶¦Í­¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¾õÂ֥ե饰¤È¤½¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ï open(2) ¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

F_GETFL

¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¾õÂ֥ե饰¤òÆɤ߽Ф¹¡£

F_SETFL

¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¾õÂ֥ե饰¤Ë arg ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÃͤòÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£ arg ¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥â¡¼¥É (O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR) ¤È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëºîÀ®¥Õ¥é¥° (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á O_CREAT, O_EXCL, O_NOCTTY, O_TRUNC) ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£ Linux ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÇÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ï O_APPEND, O_ASYNC, O_DIRECT, O_NOATIME, O_NONBLOCK ¥Õ¥é¥°¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¥¢¥É¥Ð¥¤¥¶¥ê¡¦¥í¥Ã¥¯

F_GETLK, F_SETLK, F_SETLKW ¤Ï¡¢¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¡¦¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î³ÍÆÀ¡¿²òÊü¡¿¥Æ¥¹¥È¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë (¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¡¦¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥»¥°¥á¥ó¥È¡¦¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ä ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÎΰè¥í¥Ã¥¯¤È¤â¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë)¡£ »°ÈÖÌܤΰú¤­¿ô lock ¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Ë¼¨¤¹¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ò´Þ¤à¹½Â¤ÂΤؤΥݥ¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë (¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Î½ç½ø¤Ï´Ø·¸¤Ê¤¯¡¢¹½Â¤ÂΤ˾¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤)¡£

struct flock {

    ...

    short l_type;    /* Type of lock: F_RDLCK,

                        F_WRLCK, F_UNLCK */

    short l_whence;  /* How to interpret l_start:

                        SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END */

    off_t l_start;   /* Starting offset for lock */

    off_t l_len;     /* Number of bytes to lock */

    pid_t l_pid;     /* PID of process blocking our lock

                        (F_GETLK only) */

    ...

};

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l_len ¤Ï¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ò¹Ô¤¦Îΰè¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¿ô¤ò¼¨¤·¡¢ÈóÉé¤ÎÀ°¿ô¤Ç»ØÄꤹ¤ë (²¼µ­¤Î Ãí°Õ¤Î¾Ï¤â»²¾È)¡£ ¥Ð¥¤¥È¿ô¤Î»ØÄê¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎËöÈø¤òĶ¤¨¤¿ÈϰϤޤǹԤäƤâ¤è¤¤¤¬¡¢ ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÀèƬ¤è¤êÁ°¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¡£ l_len ¤¬ 0 ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÏÆÃÊ̤ʰÕÌ£¤ò»ý¤Ä: l_whence and l_start ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤ë°ÌÃÖ¤«¤é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎËöÈø¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò¥í¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë (¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤É¤ó¤Ê¤ËÂ礭¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎËöÈø¤Þ¤Ç¥í¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë)¡£ l_type ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÆɤ߽Ф·¥í¥Ã¥¯ (F_RDLCK) ¤È½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¥í¥Ã¥¯ (F_WRLCK) ¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤ò ÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤«¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£ ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¤¢¤ëÎΰè¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢Æɤ߽Ф·¥í¥Ã¥¯ (¶¦Í­¥í¥Ã¥¯) ¤òÊÝ»ý¤Ç¤­¤ë ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¿ô¤ËÀ©¸Â¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¥í¥Ã¥¯ (ÇÓ¾¥í¥Ã¥¯) ¤òÊÝ»ý¤Ç¤­¤ë ¤Î¤Ï°ì¤Ä¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ÇÓ¾¥í¥Ã¥¯¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢(¶¦Í­¥í¥Ã¥¯¤« ÇÓ¾¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Ë¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º) ¾¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Ï²¿¤âÀßÄê¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£ °ì¤Ä¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¤¢¤ëÎΰè¤ËÂФ·¤Æ°ì¼ïÎà¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤·¤«ÊÝ»ý¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£ ¿·µ¬¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤¬¥í¥Ã¥¯¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÎΰè¤ËÂФ·¤ÆŬÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢´û¸¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯ ¤Ï¿·µ¬¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î¼ïÊ̤ËÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ë (¿·µ¬¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ð¥¤¥ÈÈϰϤ¬´û¸¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ÎÈϰϤȰìÃפ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç°Ê³°¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ ÊÑ´¹¤Î²áÄø¤Ç´û¸¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Îʬ³ä¡¢½Ì¾®¡¢·ë¹ç¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë)¡£

F_SETLK

(l_type ¤¬ F_RDLCK ¤« F_WRLCK ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï) ¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î³ÍÆÀ¤ò¡¢ (F_UNLCK ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï) ¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î²òÊü¤ò¡¢ flock ¹½Â¤ÂΤΥե£¡¼¥ë¥É l_whence, l_start, l_len ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÈϰϤΥХ¤¥È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¹Ô¤¦¡£ »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥í¥Ã¥¯¤¬Â¾¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬ÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥í¥Ã¥¯¤È¾×Æͤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢ -1 ¤òÊÖ¤·¡¢ errno ¤Ë EACCES ¤« EAGAIN ¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£

F_SETLKW

F_SETLK ¤ÈƱÍͤÀ¤¬¡¢¤³¤Á¤é¤Ç¤Ï¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¾×Æͤ¹¤ë¥í¥Ã¥¯¤¬ ŬÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢¤½¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤¬²òÊü¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤òÂÔ¤ÄÅÀ¤¬°Û¤Ê¤ë¡£ ÂԤäƤ¤¤ë´Ö¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤ò¼õ¤±¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë¤ÏÃæÃǤµ¤ì¡¢ (¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥é¤¬Ìá¤Ã¤¿Ä¾¸å¤Ë) ÊÖ¤êÃÍ -1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹ (¤Þ¤¿ errno ¤Ë EINTR ¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë)¡£

F_GETLK

¤³¤Î¥³¡¼¥ë¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·»þ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ lock ¤Ë¤Ï¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËŬÍѤ·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¾ðÊó¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ ¥í¥Ã¥¯¤òŬÍѤǤ­¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ fcntl() ¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ò¹Ô¤ï¤º¡¢¹½Â¤ÂÎ lock ¤Î l_type ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ë F_UNLCK ¤òÀßÄꤷ¡¢Â¾¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ÏÊѹ¹¤»¤º¤Ë¡¢Éüµ¢¤¹¤ë¡£ °ã¤¦¼ïÊ̤Υí¥Ã¥¯¤¬ (°ì¤Ä¤â¤·¤¯¤ÏÊ£¿ô) ŬÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ ¥í¥Ã¥¯¤òŬÍѤǤ­¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ fcntl() ¤Ï¡¢¸¶°ø¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î°ì¤Ä¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾ÜºÙ¾ðÊó¤ò¹½Â¤ÂÎ lock ¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É l_type, l_whence, l_start, l_len ¤Ë³ÊǼ¤·¡¢¤Þ¤¿ l_pid ¤Ë¥í¥Ã¥¯¤òÊÝ»ý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î PID ¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¡¢Éüµ¢¤¹¤ë¡£ Æɤ߽Ф·¥í¥Ã¥¯¤òŬÍѤ¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ fd ¤ÏÆɤ߽Ф·ÍѤ˥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£ ½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¥í¥Ã¥¯¤òŬÍѤ¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ fd ¤Ï½ñ¤­¹þ¤ßÍѤ˥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£ Æɤ߽ñ¤­Î¾Êý¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤òŬÍѤ¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Æɤ߽ñ¤­Î¾ÍÑ¤Ç ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£ ¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Ï¡¢ F_UNLCK ¤Ë¤è¤êÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ëºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢ ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬½ªÎ»¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤ä¡¢¥í¥Ã¥¯¤¬Å¬ÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤¬¥¯¥í¡¼¥º¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤â²òÊü¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£ ¤³¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î²òÊü¤Ï¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£ ¤³¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï¤Þ¤º¤¤: ¤¢¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬ /etc/passwd ¤ä /etc/mtab ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥í¥Ã¥¯¤òŬÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¡¢ ¤¢¤ë¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê´Ø¿ô¤¬²¿¤«¤ÎÍýͳ¤ÇƱ¤¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò open, read, close ¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ø¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤¬¼º¤ï¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£ ¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Ï fork(2) ¤ÇºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤¿»Ò¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤Ï·Ñ¾µ¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢ execve(2) ¤ÎÁ°¸å¤Ç¤ÏÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£ stdio(3) ¤Ç¤Ï¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¥ê¥ó¥°¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢ stdio ´ØÏ¢¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ç¤Ï¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î»ÈÍѤϲóÈò¤µ¤ì¤ë; Âå¤ï¤ê¤Ë read(2) ¤ä write(2) ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£

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