nfsv4.4freebsd

Langue: en

Version: 361924 (ubuntu - 24/10/10)

Section: 4 (Pilotes et protocoles réseau)


BSD mandoc

NAME

nfsv4 - NFS Version 4 Protocol

SYNOPSIS

experimental client and server with NFSv4 support

DESCRIPTION

The experimental nfs client and server provides support for the NFSv4 specification; see "Network File System (NFS) Version 4 Protocol \*(tNRFC\*(sP 3530" . The protocol is somewhat similar to NFS Version 3, but differs in significant ways. It uses a single Compound RPC that concatenates operations to-gether. Each of these operations are similar to the RPCs of NFS Version 3. The operations in the compound are performed in order, until one of them fails (returns an error) and then the RPC terminates at that point.

It has integrated locking support, which implies that the server is no longer stateless. As such, the NFSv4 server remains in recovery mode for a Grace period (always greater than the lease duration the server uses) after a reboot. During this Grace period, clients may recover state but not perform other open/lock state changing operations. To provide for correct recovery semantics, a small file described by stablerestart(5) is used by the server during the recovery phase. If this file is missing, the server will not start. If this file is lost, it should be recovered from backups, since creating an empty stablerestart(5) file will result in the server starting without providing a Grace Period for recovery. Note that recovery only occurs when the server machine is rebooted, not when the nfsd(8) are just restarted.

It provides several optional features not in NFS Version 3:

 - NFS Version 4 ACLs
 - Referrals, which redirect subtrees to other servers
   (not yet implemented)
 - Delegations, which allow a client to operate on a file locally
 

The NFSv4 protocol does not use a separate mount protocol and assumes that the server provides a single file system tree structure, rooted at the point in the local file system tree specified by one or more

 V4: <rootdir> [-sec=secflavors] [host(s) or net]
 

line(s) in the exports(5) file. (See exports(5) for details.) The nfsd(8) allows a limited subset of operations to be performed on non-exported subtrees of the local file system, so that traversal of the tree to the exported subtrees is possible. As such, the ``<rootdir>'' can be in a non-exported file system. However, the entire tree that is rooted at that point must be in local file systems that are of types that can be NFS exported. Since the file system is rooted at ``<rootdir>'', setting this to anything other than ``/'' will result in clients being required to use different mount paths for than for NFS Version 2 or 3. Unlike NFS Version 2 and 3, Version 4 allows a client mount to span across multiple server file systems, although not all clients are capable of doing this.

uses names for users and groups instead of numbers. On the wire, they take the form:

 <user>@<dns.domain>
 

where ``<dns.domain>'' is not the same as the DNS domain used for host name lookups, but is usually set to the same string. Most systems set this ``<dns.domain>'' to the domain name part of the machine's hostname(1) by default. However, this can normally be overridden by a command line option or configuration file for the daemon used to do the name<->number mapping. On FreeBSD, the mapping daemon is called nfsuserd(8) and has a command line option that overrides the domain component of the machine's hostname. For use of , either client or server, this daemon must be running. If this ``<dns.domain>'' is not set correctly or the daemon is not running, ``ls -l'' will typically report a lot of ``nobody'' and ``nogroup'' ownerships.

Although uid/gid numbers are no longer used in the protocol, they will still be in the RPC authentication fields when running using AUTH_SYS (sec=sys), which is the default. As such, in this case both the user/group name and number spaces must be consistent between the client and server.

However, if you run with RPCSEC_GSS (sec=krb5, krb5i, krb5p), only names and KerberosV tickets will go on the wire.

SERVER SETUP

To set up the experimental nfs server that supports you will need to either build a kernel with:

 options NFSD
 
and not
 options NFSSERVER
 

or start mountd(8) and nfsd(8) with the ``-e'' option to force use of the experimental server. The nfsuserd(8) daemon must also be running. This will occur if

 nfs_server_enable="YES"
 nfsv4_server_enable="YES"
 nfsuserd_enable="YES"
 

are set in rc.conf5.

You will also need to add at least one ``V4:'' line to the exports(5) file and, before starting the server for the first time, create an empty

 /var/db/nfs-stablerestart
 

file. The command

 install -o root -g wheel -m 600 /dev/null /var/db/nfs-stablerestart
 

executed as ``su'' should suffice. This can only be done when the server is not running and there are no file system mounts against the server. If this file is lost during a crash, recovery from backups is recommended.

If the file systems you are exporting are only being accessed via there are a couple of sysctl(8) variables that you can change, which might improve performance.

vfs.newnfs.issue_delegations
when set non-zero, allows the server to issue Open Delegations to clients. These delegations permit the client to manipulate the file locally on the client. Unfortunately, at this time, client use of delegations is limited, so performance gains may not be observed. This can only be enabled when the file systems being exported to clients are not being accessed locally on the server and, if being accessed via NFS Version 2 or 3 clients, these clients cannot be using the NLM.
vfs.newnfs.enable_locallocks
can be set to 0 to disable acquisition of local byte range locks. Disabling local locking can only be done if neither local accesses to the exported file systems nor the NLM is operating on them.

Note that Samba server access would be considered ``local access'' for the above discussion.

To build a kernel with the experimental linked into it, the

 options NFSD
 

must be specified in the kernel's config(5) file.

CLIENT MOUNTS

To do an mount, specify the ``nfsv4'' option on the mount_nfs8 command line. This will force use of the experimental client plus set ``tcp'' and .

The nfsuserd(8) must be running, as above. If the server that is being mounted on supports delegations, you can start the nfscbd(8) daemon to handle client side callbacks. This will occur if

 nfsuserd_enable="YES"
 nfscbd_enable="YES"
 

are set in rc.conf5.

Without a functioning callback path, a server will never issue Delegations to a client.

By default, the callback address will be set to the IP address acquired via rtalloc() in the kernel and port# 7745. To override the default port#, a command line option for nfscbd(8) can be used.

To get callbacks to work when behind a NAT gateway, a port for the callback service will need to be set up on the NAT gateway and then the address of the NAT gateway (host IP plus port#) will need to be set by assigning the sysctl(8) variable vfs.newnfs.callback_addr to a string of the form:

N.N.N.N.N.N

where the first 4 Ns are the host IP address and the last two are the port# in network byte order (all decimal #s in the range 0-255).

To build a kernel with the experimental client linked into it, the option

 options NFSCL
 

must be specified in the kernel's config(5) file.

Options can be specified for the nfsuserd(8) and nfscbd(8) daemons at boot time via the ``nfsuserd_flags'' and ``nfscbd_flags'' rc.conf5 variables.

FILES

/var/db/nfs-stablerestart
NFS V4 stable restart file

SEE ALSO

stablerestart(5) mountd(8) nfscbd(8) nfsd(8) nfsdumpstate(8) nfsrevoke(8) nfsuserd(8)

BUGS

At this time, there is no recall of delegations for local file system operations. As such, delegations should only be enabled for file systems that are being used soley as NFS export volumes and are not being accessed via local system calls nor services such as Samba.