init

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Langue: ja

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Version: 23 August 2001 (openSuse - 09/10/07)

Autres sections - même nom

Section: 8 (Commandes administrateur)

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init, telinit - ¥×¥í¥»¥¹À©¸æ¤Î½é´ü²½

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/sbin/init [ -a ] [ -s ] [ -b ] [ -z xxx ] [ 0123456Ss ]
/sbin/telinit [ -t sec ] [ 0123456sSQqabcUu ]

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/etc/inittab

/etc/initscript

/dev/console

/etc/ioctl.save

/var/run/utmp

/var/log/wtmp

/dev/initctl

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Miquel van Smoorenburg (miquels@cistron.nl)¡£ ¤â¤È¤Î man ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ï Michael Haardt (u31b3hs@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de) ¤Ë¤è¤ë¡£

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getty(1), login(1), sh(1), runlevel(8), shutdown(8), kill(1), inittab(5), initscript(5), utmp(5)