Linux Certif

Toute la documentation sur la certification Linux LPI

postfix

NAME

postfix - Postfix control program

SYNOPSIS

postfix [-Dv] [-c config_dir] command

DESCRIPTION

This command is reserved for the superuser. To submit mail, use the Postfix sendmail(1) command.

The postfix(1) command controls the operation of the Postfix mail system: start or stop the master(8) daemon, do a health check, and other maintenance.

By default, the postfix(1) command sets up a standardized environment and runs the postfix-script shell script to do the actual work.

However, when support for multiple Postfix instances is configured, postfix(1) executes the command specified with the multi_instance_wrapper configuration parameter. This command will execute the command for each applicable Postfix instance.

The following commands are implemented:

check

Warn about bad directory/file ownership or permissions, and create missing directories.

start

Start the Postfix mail system. This also runs the configuration check described above.

stop

Stop the Postfix mail system in an orderly fashion. If possible, running processes are allowed to terminate at their earliest convenience.

Note: in order to refresh the Postfix mail system after a configuration change, do not use the start and stop commands in succession. Use the reload command instead.

abort

Stop the Postfix mail system abruptly. Running processes are signaled to stop immediately.

flush

Force delivery: attempt to deliver every message in the deferred mail queue. Normally, attempts to deliver delayed mail happen at regular intervals, the interval doubling after each failed attempt.

Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently will result in poor delivery performance of all other mail.

reload

Re-read configuration files. Running processes terminate at their earliest convenience.

status

Indicate if the Postfix mail system is currently running.

set-permissions [name=value ...]

Set the ownership and permissions of Postfix related files and directories, as specified in the postfix-files file.

Specify name=value to override and update specific main.cf configuration parameters. Use this, for example, to change the mail_owner or setgid_group setting for an already installed Postfix system.

This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. With Postfix 2.0 and earlier, use "$config_directory/post-install set-permissions".

upgrade-configuration [name=value ...]

Update the main.cf and master.cf files with information that Postfix needs in order to run: add or update services, and add or update configuration parameter settings.

Specify name=value to override and update specific main.cf configuration parameters.

This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. With Postfix 2.0 and earlier, use "$config_directory/post-install upgrade-configuration".

The following options are implemented:

-c config_dir

Read the main.cf and master.cf configuration files in the named directory instead of the default configuration directory. Use this to distinguish between multiple Postfix instances on the same host.

With Postfix 2.6 and later, this option forces the postfix(1) command to operate on the specified Postfix instance only. This behavior is inherited by postfix(1) commands that run as a descendant of the current process.

-D (with postfix start only)

Run each Postfix daemon under control of a debugger as specified via the debugger_command configuration parameter.

-v

Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple -v options make the software increasingly verbose.

ENVIRONMENT

The postfix(1) command exports the following environment variables before executing the postfix-script file:

MAIL_CONFIG

This is set when the -c command-line option is present.

With Postfix 2.6 and later, this environment variable forces the postfix(1) command to operate on the specified Postfix instance only. This behavior is inherited by postfix(1) commands that run as a descendant of the current process.

MAIL_VERBOSE

This is set when the -v command-line option is present.

MAIL_DEBUG

This is set when the -D command-line option is present.

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS

The following main.cf configuration parameters are exported as environment variables with the same names:

command_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)

The location of all postfix administrative commands.

daemon_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)

The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.

config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)

The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.

queue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)

The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.

mail_owner (postfix)

The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most Postfix daemon processes.

setgid_group (postdrop)

The group ownership of set-gid Postfix commands and of group-writable Postfix directories.

sendmail_path (see 'postconf -d' output)

A Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the location of the Postfix sendmail(1) command.

newaliases_path (see 'postconf -d' output)

Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the location of the newaliases(1) command.

mailq_path (see 'postconf -d' output)

Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies where the Postfix mailq(1) command is installed.

html_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)

The location of Postfix HTML files that describe how to build, configure or operate a specific Postfix subsystem or feature.

manpage_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)

Where the Postfix manual pages are installed.

readme_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)

The location of Postfix README files that describe how to build, configure or operate a specific Postfix subsystem or feature.

Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later:

data_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)

The directory with Postfix-writable data files (for example: caches, pseudo-random numbers).

Other configuration parameters:

config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)

The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.

import_environment (see 'postconf -d' output)

The list of environment parameters that a Postfix process will import from a non-Postfix parent process.

syslog_facility (mail)

The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)

The mail system name that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that "smtpd" becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".

Available in Postfix version 2.6 and later:

multi_instance_directories (empty)

An optional list of non-default Postfix configuration directories; these directories belong to additional Postfix instances that share the Postfix executable files and documentation with the default Postfix instance, and that are started, stopped, etc., together with the default Postfix instance.

multi_instance_wrapper (empty)

The pathname of a multi-instance manager command that the postfix(1) command invokes when the multi_instance_directories parameter value is non-empty.

multi_instance_group (empty)

The optional instance group name of this Postfix instance.

multi_instance_name (empty)

The optional instance name of this Postfix instance.

multi_instance_enable (no)

Allow this Postfix instance to be started, stopped, etc., by a multi-instance manager.

FILES

Prior to Postfix version 2.6, all of the following files were in $config_directory. Some files are now in $daemon_directory so that they can be shared among multiple instances that run the same Postfix version.

Use the command "postconf config_directory" or "postconf daemon_directory" to expand the names into their actual values.

 
 $config_directory/main.cf, Postfix configuration parameters
 $config_directory/master.cf, Postfix daemon processes
 $daemon_directory/postfix-files, file/directory permissions
 $daemon_directory/postfix-script, administrative commands
 $daemon_directory/post-install, post-installation configuration
 

 

SEE ALSO

 Commands:
 postalias(1), create/update/query alias database
 postcat(1), examine Postfix queue file
 postconf(1), Postfix configuration utility
 postfix(1), Postfix control program
 postkick(1), trigger Postfix daemon
 postlock(1), Postfix-compatible locking
 postlog(1), Postfix-compatible logging
 postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
 postmulti(1), Postfix multi-instance manager
 postqueue(1), Postfix mail queue control
 postsuper(1), Postfix housekeeping
 mailq(1), Sendmail compatibility interface
 newaliases(1), Sendmail compatibility interface
 sendmail(1), Sendmail compatibility interface
 
 Postfix configuration:
 bounce(5), Postfix bounce message templates
 master(5), Postfix master.cf file syntax
 postconf(5), Postfix main.cf file syntax
 postfix-wrapper(5), Postfix multi-instance API
 
 Table-driven mechanisms:
 access(5), Postfix SMTP access control table
 aliases(5), Postfix alias database
 canonical(5), Postfix input address rewriting
 generic(5), Postfix output address rewriting
 header_checks(5), body_checks(5), Postfix content inspection
 relocated(5), Users that have moved
 transport(5), Postfix routing table
 virtual(5), Postfix virtual aliasing
 
 Table lookup mechanisms:
 cidr_table(5), Associate CIDR pattern with value
 ldap_table(5), Postfix LDAP client
 mysql_table(5), Postfix MYSQL client
 nisplus_table(5), Postfix NIS+ client
 pcre_table(5), Associate PCRE pattern with value
 pgsql_table(5), Postfix PostgreSQL client
 regexp_table(5), Associate POSIX regexp pattern with value
 tcp_table(5), Postfix client-server table lookup
 
 Daemon processes:
 anvil(8), Postfix connection/rate limiting
 bounce(8), defer(8), trace(8), Delivery status reports
 cleanup(8), canonicalize and enqueue message
 discard(8), Postfix discard delivery agent
 error(8), Postfix error delivery agent
 flush(8), Postfix fast ETRN service
 local(8), Postfix local delivery agent
 master(8), Postfix master daemon
 oqmgr(8), old Postfix queue manager
 pickup(8), Postfix local mail pickup
 pipe(8), deliver mail to non-Postfix command
 proxymap(8), Postfix lookup table proxy server
 qmgr(8), Postfix queue manager
 qmqpd(8), Postfix QMQP server
 scache(8), Postfix connection cache manager
 showq(8), list Postfix mail queue
 smtp(8), lmtp(8), Postfix SMTP+LMTP client
 smtpd(8), Postfix SMTP server
 spawn(8), run non-Postfix server
 tlsmgr(8), Postfix TLS cache and randomness manager
 trivial-rewrite(8), Postfix address rewriting
 verify(8), Postfix address verification
 virtual(8), Postfix virtual delivery agent
 
 Other:
 syslogd(8), system logging
 

 

README FILES

Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.

 OVERVIEW, overview of Postfix commands and processes
 BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README, Postfix basic configuration
 ADDRESS_REWRITING_README, Postfix address rewriting
 SMTPD_ACCESS_README, SMTP relay/access control
 CONTENT_INSPECTION_README, Postfix content inspection
 QSHAPE_README, Postfix queue analysis
 

 

LICENSE

The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)

 Wietse Venema
 IBM T.J. Watson Research
 P.O. Box 704
 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
 
 TLS support by:
 Lutz Jaenicke
 Brandenburg University of Technology
 Cottbus, Germany
 
 Victor Duchovni
 Morgan Stanley
 
 SASL support originally by:
 Till Franke
 SuSE Rhein/Main AG
 65760 Eschborn, Germany
 
 LMTP support originally by:
 Philip A. Prindeville
 Mirapoint, Inc.
 USA.
 
 Amos Gouaux
 University of Texas at Dallas
 P.O. Box 830688, MC34
 Richardson, TX 75083, USA
 
 IPv6 support originally by:
 Mark Huizer, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands
 Jun-ichiro 'itojun' Hagino, KAME project, Japan
 The Linux PLD project
 Dean Strik, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands